chief john ross family tree

He married abt 1835 in CNE, Jennie Fields (buried at this cem. The application was opposed by some, on the ground of an unwilling ness to introduce any of the customs or habits of the whites. Family and Education. Wirt argued two cases on behalf of the Cherokee: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. John Ross, on his mothers side, was of Scotch descent. He was elected to the thirteen-member body, where each man served two-year terms. Of the latter, a regiment was formed to cooperate with the Tennessee troops, and Mr. Ross was made adjutant. The extraordinary honor has been bestowed unsought upon Mr. Ross, of reelection to the high position without an interval in the long period, to the present. When about seven years of age, he accompanied his parents to Hillstown, forty miles distant, to attend the Green-Corn Festival. This was an annual agricultural Fair, when for several days the natives, gathering from all parts of the nation, gave themselves up to social and public entertainments. on 2 Aug 1869 and 7 Aug 1871. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Alice P., Source: https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=24141055, Chief John Sr Angus Ross, Quatie Elizabeth Ross (born Brown). In 1816, General Jackson was again commissioned to negotiate with the Cherokees, and John Ross was to represent his people. Lewis Cass, Secretary of War, believing that this was yet another ploy to delay action on removal for an additional year, threatened to sign the treaty with John Ridge. His boy escaped by hiding in the chimney, while the house was pillaged, and the terror-smitten wife told she would find her husband in the yard, pierced with bullets. In 1813, as relations with the United States became more complex, older, uneducated Chiefs like Pathkiller could not effectively defend Cherokee interests. He passed away on 1866. Mr. Monroe was President, and John C. Calhoun Secretary of War. https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/02000170.pdf, National Park Service, Register of Historic Places- Ross Cemetery. It was not because they were fully sovereign, however, but because they were a domestic dependent sovereignty. On April 15, 1824, Ross took the dramatic step of directly petitioning Congress. As a child, he went to school in Kingston and Maryville, Tennessee. John Ross 1798 1834. First the Anglo-Norman family from Roos (East Yorkshire) was introduced to Scotland when Robert of Roos lord of Wark Castle (Northumberland) married Isabella an illegitimate daughter of King William the Lion. *Source: Penelope Johnson Allen, "Leaves from the Family Tree: Ross," Chattanooga Times, Chattanooga, Tennessee, Date Unknown, pp. The series of decisions embarrassed Jackson politically, as Whigs attempted to use the issue in the 1832 election. On this occasion, Johns mother had dressed him in his first suit after the style of civilized life made of nankeen. They were the parents of five children, James, Allen, Jane, Silas, and George. On the way to the council referred to, which was called at their capital by Governor McMinn, who had charge of the treaty of 1817, Judge Brown, of the Committee, meeting Ross at Vans, Spring Place, Georgia, said to him, When we get to Oosteanalee, I intend to put you in hell I When Ross objected to such a fate, not guessing the import of the apparently profane expression, Judge Brown added, that he intended to run him for President of the National Committee, giving his views of the comfort of office-holding, in the language employed. In 1827, Chiefs Hicks and Pathkiller died. He married Elizabeth Quatie Brown in 1813, in Cherokee, Alabama, United States. By this time the Cherokee had become a settled people with well-stocked farms, schools, and representative government. In his decision, Chief Justice John Marshall never acknowledged that the Cherokee were a sovereign nation. Meanwhile, Governor McMinn allowed the time designated for the census to elapse without taking it, leaving the exchange of lands with no rule of limitation, while he bought up improvements as far as possible, to induce the natives to emigrate; and then rented them to white settlers to supplant the Cherokees, contrary to express stipulation that the avails of the sales were to be appropriated to the support of the poor and infirm. When the Cherokee were reunited in Indian Territory he was elected chief of the newly combined nation. + Jane Glenn b: ABT 1800. The Cherokees were robbed of horses and everything that could be used by the Rebels. Local Genealogy enthusiast Michael Lilborn Williams claims to have uncovered a possible genetic link to famed Cherokee Chief John Ross that could link him to potentially thousands of Roane. He was afterward slain by his own people, according to their law declaring that whoever should dispose of lands without the consent of the nation, should die. on 6 Aug 1877, 4 Aug 1879, 1 Aug 1881, 6 Aug 1883, 3 Aug 1885, 1 Aug 1887 and 5 Aug 1889. + John M. Littler b: 28 MAR 1708 d: From 20 AUG 1748 to 6 DEC 1748. In this environment, Ross led a delegation to Washington in March 1834 to try to negotiate alternatives to removal. In this crisis of affairs it was proposed at Washington to form a new treaty, the principal feature of which was the surrender of territory sufficient in extent and value to be an equivalent for all demands past and to come; disposing thus finally of the treaty of 1817. Johns mother died and was buried, a great loss to him, to whom she was a counselor and a constant friend. The council met in the public square. John Ross (October 3, 1790 - August 1, 1866), also known as Guwisguwi (a mythological or rare migratory bird), was Principal Chief of the Cherokee Native American Nation from 1828-1866. They largely supported his earlier opinion that the "Indian Question" was one that was best handled by the federal government, and not local authorities. After a long and interrupted passage having deer-skins and furs for traffic from Savannah to New York, and then to Baltimore, he returned to find that General Jackson had prepared the celebrated treaty of 1817. Finding a house closed, and believing the owner within prepared to resist, his men surrounded it, and the commander made an entrance down the chimney, but the object of pursuit was gone. We need not repeat the events that followed, briefly narrated in the preceding sketch of the Cherokee nation, till it rises from suffering and banishment to power again west of the Mississippi. View Site John Ross (1752 - 1776) - Genealogy - geni family tree John Ross was born October 3, 1790, at Turkeytown in the Cherokee Nation, the son of a Scots immigrant named Daniel Ross and Mary McDonald, a Cherokee. In January 1827, Pathkiller, the Cherokee's principal chief, and Charles R. Hicks, Ross's mentor, both died. In February 1833, Ridge wrote Ross advocating that the delegation dispatched to Washington that month should begin removal negotiations with Jackson. eigs (born Ross), Silas Dinsmore Dean Ross, George Washington Ross, Annie Bryan Brian Dobson (born Ross), Mary "polly" Ross, Jo John Ross, Elizabeth Brown Ross (born Henley), Jane Ross, George Washington Ross, James Ross, Silas Ross, Dobson (born Ross), Ross, n Ross), Susan Daniels (born Ross), Rufus Ross, Robert B. Ross, Louisa Ross, Emma Daniels (born Ross), William W. Ross, Ross, Chief John (Kooweskoowe) Ross, Quatie Elizabeth Ross (born Brown). Discover your family history in millions of family trees and more than a billion birth,marriage, death, census, and miltary records. Spouse(s) [4], In 1844 he married Mary Brian Stapler at Philadelphia. John Ross was now President of the Committee, and Major Ridge speaker of council, the two principal officers of the Cherokee nation. Wrong John Ross? Andrew Jackson favored the doctrine of State rights, which settled the claim of legalized robbery in the face of the constitution of the Commonwealth. Chief John ross family tree Parents Unavailable Unavailable Spouse (s) Middleton Unknown - Unknown Children Donie Middleton Ross 1877 - 1962 Wrong Chief John ross? The Creek war commenced among the tribe on account of hostile views, but soon was turned upon the loyal whites and Cherokees. Described as the Moses of his people, Ross led the Nation through tumultuous years of development, relocation to Oklahoma, and the American Civil War. He further stated, it is reported authoritatively, that he affirmed the three great measures he desired should mark his administration now, legislating the Cherokees out of the State; the death of the National Bank; and the extinguishment of the public debt. A National Committee of sixteen, to transact business under the general super vision of the chiefs, was also a part of the administrative power of the nation. John Ross (October 3, 1790 - August 1, 1866), also known as Guwisguwi (a mythological or rare migratory bird), was Principal Chief of the Cherokee Native American Nation from 1828-1866. Never before had an Indian nation petitioned Congress with grievances. Of the delegates, only Ross was fluent in English, making him the central figure in the negotiations. From 1819 to 1826 Ross served as president of the Cherokee National Council. In Browns Valley, Ross might have been seen at dead of night, Deputy Agent Williams keeping sentry at the tent-door, writing by torchlight his dispatches to General Jackson. I am sorry that I do not have definite dates for the above names, but hopefully this will help someone. Elizabeth "Quatie" (Brown) Henley Ross 1791 - 1839. McIntosh had his conference with General Jack son in his tent; and the treaty was made, so far as Brown was concerned, pretty much as the former desired, in reality infringing upon the rights of the Cherokees; the line of new territory crossing theirs at Turkeytown. Corrections? Read a transcription of John Ross's letter Our hearts are sickened Have you taken a DNA test? . They argued that the Almighty made the soil for agricultural purposes. In the early 19th century he became the leader of the Cherokee resistance to the white mans acquisition of their valuable land, some 43,000 square miles (111,000 square km) on which they had lived for centuries. About this time New Echota was selected for the seat of government, a town on the Oosteanalee, two miles from the spot where he was elected President of the National Committee. In January 1835 the factions were again in Washington. 1, pg. McIntosh, a shrewd Creek chief with a Cherokee wife, who had. Son of John Guwisguwi Ross, Chief of the Cherokee Nation and Quatie Elizabeth Ross However, Ridge and Ross did not have irreconcilable worldviews; neither believed that the Cherokee could fend off Georgian usurpation of Cherokee land. Chief John Ross Family Tree With Complete Detail, Nancy Hanks Lincoln Family Tree You Should Check It, Personalized Family Tree With Photos You Should Check It. John is 16 degrees from Jennifer Aniston, 18 degrees from Drew Barrymore, 19 degrees from Candice Bergen, 23 degrees from Alexandre Dumas, 15 degrees from Carrie Fisher, 29 degrees from Whitney Houston, 18 degrees from Hayley Mills, 16 degrees from Liza Minnelli, 16 degrees from Lisa Presley, 19 degrees from Kiefer Sutherland, 17 degrees from Bill Veeck and 21 degrees from Brian Nash on our single family tree. University of Georgia Press, 2004. In 1823, Congress appropriated money to send commissioners to make a new treaty with the Cherokees, and secure lands for Georgia. The next day a courier came from Park Hill, bringing the sad tidings that the mansion of the Chief had fallen into Coopers hands. If so, login to add it. John C. Calhoun, the Secretary of War, pressed Ross to cede large tracts of land in Tennessee and Georgia. Elizabethwas born on October 30 1790, in Rossville, Walker, GA. This database contains family trees submitted to Ancestry by users who have indicated that their tree can only be viewed by Ancestry members to whom they have granted permission to see their tree. Elected auditor by the Federal Cherokee Council on 18 Oct 1863 and elected Senator from Tahlequah Dist. McMinn offered $200,000 US for removal of the Cherokees beyond the Mississippi, which Ross refused. Ross's first political position came in November 1817 with the formation of the National Council. This was understood before his election to the Presidency by politicians who waited upon him. After a clerkship of two years for a firm in Kingston, young Ross returned home, and was sent by his father in search of an aunt in Hagerstown, Md., nine hundred miles distant, of whom, till then, for a long time, all traces had been lost. Brother of Jane "Jennie" Coody; Elizabeth Ross; Annie Nave; Judge Andrew 'Tlo-S-Ta-Ma' Ross; Susannah (Susan) Nave and 3 others; Lewis Ross; Margaret Hicks and Maria Mulkey less. After arrival in Indian Territory, Ross was a signer of the 1839 Act of Union which re-joined the eastern and western Cherokee, and was elected Principal Chief of the unified tribe. By none in the land was the Presidents proclamation of freedom more fully and promptly indorsed than by Mr. Ross and the Cherokees; indeed, they took the lead in emancipation. He was successively elected Clerk of Tahlequah Dist. His grandfather, John McDonald, was born at Inverness, Scotland, about 1747. Start a free family tree online and well do the searching for you. McIntosh in alarm mounted his steed and rode eighty miles, killing two horses, it is said, in a single day. His petitions to President Andrew Jackson, under whom he had fought during the Creek War (181314), went unheeded, and in May 1830 the Indian Removal Act forced the tribes, under military duress, to exchange their traditional lands for unknown western prairie. This change was apparent to individuals in Washington, including future president John Quincy Adams. In Ross' correspondence, what had previously had the tone of petitions of submissive Indians were replaced by assertive defenders. about chief john ross family tree please comment if we missed anything here, please let us know. The lands lay in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Discover the meaning and history behind your last name and get a sense of identity and discover who you are and where you come from. The Creeks were within twenty-five miles. In a series of letters to Ross, Hicks outlined what was known of Cherokee traditions. Alexander Richard Ross/roe 1794 1858. The delegation had to negotiate the limits of the ceded land and hope to clarify the Cherokee's right to the remaining land. Did you like this post? The court carefully maintained that the Cherokee were ultimately dependent on the federal government and were not a true nation state, nor fully sovereign. Native American Cherokee Chief. Park Hill, the residence of Mr. Ross, was forty miles from the road Solomon took in his retreat, for this was practically the character of the movement. 1853 d. 1859. In May 1827, Ross was elected to the twenty-four member constitutional committee, which drafted a constitution calling for a principal chief, a council of the principal chief, and a National Committee, which together would form the General Council of the Cherokee Nation. Ross' strategy was flawed because it was susceptible to the United States' making a treaty with a minority faction. He has been twice married. Ross later married again, to Mary Brian Stapler. His success in business inspired confidence in his employers, who sent him to Fort Loudon, on the frontier of the State, built by the British Government in 1756, to open and superintend trade among the Cherokees. He and his troops rampaged through the Cherokee country killing, pillaging and burning the homes of those he blamed for his relative's deaths. Quatie Ross died in Arkansas on the Trail of Tears as the Cherokee party traveled to Indian Territory. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Membership in the National Council placed Ross among the ruling elite of the Cherokee leadership. Despite this support, in April 1829, John H. Eaton, Secretary of War (18291831), informed Ross that President Jackson would support the right of Georgia to extend her laws over the Cherokee Nation. Research genealogy for Chief John ross of Alabama, as well as other members of the ross family, on Ancestry. When John Ross 5th Laird of Balnagowan, Chief of Clan was born in 1419, in Ross-shire, Scotland, his father, Hugh Ross 4th of Balnagowan, was 33 and his mother, Janet de Sutherland, was 25. McDonald, who lived fifteen miles distant, was sent for, he having a commanding influence over the natives. His family moved to the base of Lookout Mountain, an area that became Rossville, Georgia. The Cherokee Nation claim was denied on the grounds that the Cherokees were a "domestic dependent sovereignty" and as such did not have the right as a nation state to sue Georgia. John Ross was a member of the Cherokee Bird Clan. Their children were: 1) Jane "Jennie" m. Joseph Coody 2) Elizabeth Golden m. John Golden Ross 3) John "Kooweskoowe", Chief m. Quatie and then Mary Bryan Stapler 4) Susanna m. Henry Nave 5) Lewis m. Fannie Holt 6) Andrew m. Susan Lowrey 7) Annie m. William Nave (my ggg-grandparents) 8) Margaret m. Elijah Hicks 9) Maria m. Jonathan Mulkey. August 4th, 1861, he reached his brother Lewis place, and found his furniture destroyed and the house injured. He was speaker of the Creek Council. -- In a tree grove surrounded by piles of scrap lumber, bricks and farm equipment, the home of former Cherokee Nation Principal Chief John Ross once sat with a commanding view of the surrounding countryside. But before any result was reached, Ross, having gone into business with Timothy Meigs, son of Colonel Meigs, went with him on horseback to Washington and Baltimore, to purchase goods and have them conveyed to Rossville, on the Georgia line, at the foot of Missionary Ridge. John Ross, Cherokee name Tsan-Usdi, (born October 3, 1790, Turkeytown, Cherokee territory [near present-day Centre, Alabama, U.S.]died August 1, 1866, Washington, D.C., U.S.), Cherokee chief who, after devoting his life to resisting U.S. seizure of his people's lands in Georgia, was forced to assume the painful task of shepherding the Cherokees Ross made several proposals; however, the Cherokee Nation may not have approved any of Ross' plans, nor was there reasonable expectation that Jackson would settle for any agreement short of removal. [5] John died in Washington, D.C. on August 1, 1866. McLean's advice precipitated a split within the Cherokee leadership as John Ridge and Elias Boudinot began to doubt Ross' leadership. In 1816, the National Council named Ross to his first delegation to Washington. McDonalds address calmed the wrath of the Cherokees, and they changed their tone to that of persuasion, offering inducements to remain there and establish a trading-post. John Ross was a member of the Cherokee Bird Clan. is anything else your are looking? On the family tree that was at the John Ross House in Rossville, GA, I found the following names as children of Daniel and Mary "Mollie" or Wali McDonald Ross.If you will note the husband of Elizabeth, it is strange that this was the gentleman's name. They had 21 children: Nancy Jane (Jennie) Nave (born Ross), James McDonald Rossand 19 other children. In 1819, the Council sent Ross to Washington again. He wrote to John Ross, offering $18,000 from the United States Com missioners for a specified amount of land, using as an argument the affair with the Creeks. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each persons profile. He had to learn how to conduct negotiations with the United States and the skills required to run a national government. ISBN 978-0-8203-2367-1. Visiting London when a youth of nineteen years, he met a countryman who was coming to America, and catching the spirit of adventure, he joined him, landing in Charleston, S. C., in 1766. who married John Ross Vann (buried at this cem. The command was given to Mr. Ross, because it was urged by Colonel Meigs that a preeminently prudent man was needed. Born in Cherokee, Alabama, United States on 30 Mar 1830 to Chief John Ross 1/8 Cherokee and Elizabeth "Quatie" (Brown) Henley Ross. In November 1818, on the eve of the General Council meeting with Cherokee agent Joseph McMinn, Ross was elevated to the presidency of the National Committee. Please find someone from your tree who qualifies and submit a test as soon as you can! The Cherokees concentrated at Turkeytown, between the two forts Armstrong and Strauthers. He hoped to wear down Jackson's opposition to a treaty that did not require Cherokee removal. History of the Indian Tribes of North America. He remained Chief of the Union-supporting Cherokee while the Confederate-supporting Cherokee elected Stand Watie as their chief. On May 29, 1834, Ross received word from John H. Eaton, that a new delegation, including Major Ridge, John Ridge, Elias Boudinot, and Ross' younger brother Andrew, collectively called the Ridge Party, had arrived in Washington with the goal of signing a treaty of removal. Ross found support in Congress from individuals in the National Republican Party, such as Senators Henry Clay, Theodore Frelinghuysen, and Daniel Webster and Representatives Ambrose Spencer and David (Davy) Crockett. Born in the Cherokee Nation East; son of Chief John Ross & Quatie Brown; he served in Co., E, 3rd Indian Home Guards (US, Civil War). He moved to Tennessee when he was seven years old with his parents Daniel and Mollie McDonald Ross. Pressured by the presence of the Ridge Party, Ross agreed on February 25, 1835, to exchange all Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi for land west of the Mississippi and 20 million dollars. & d. 1839, Susan Hicks Ross Daniel (buried at this cem. When the dark and wrathful tide of secession set westward, the disloyal officials at once took measures to conciliate or frighten the Indians into an alliance with them. 4 John Ross Littler b: 1740 d: 3 JAN 1819. Colonel Cooper, the former United States Agent, having under his command Texan s, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Creeks, was ready to sweep down on Park Hill, where around the Chief were between two and three hundred women and children. The next treaty which involved their righteous claims was made with the Chickasaws, whose boundary-lines were next to their own. Adams specifically noted Ross' work as "the writer of the delegation" and remarked that "they [had] sustained a written controversy against the Georgia delegation with greate advantage." The court later expanded on this position in Worcester v. Georgia, ruling that Georgia could not extend its laws into Cherokee lands. At the beginning of the Civil War he was pressured to support the Confederacy, but soon reversed course and supported the Union. Ross finished his education at an academy in South West Point, Tennessee. The Ross Family John Ross was born on 3 October 1790 the great-grandson of Ghigooie, a member of the Bird Clan, and William Shorey, Sr., a Virginia fur trader.2 The Shoreys' oldest daughter, Annie, married John McDonald, who emigrated from Scotland to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1766.3 McDonald opened a supply store on Chickamauga Creek in . The Cherokees replied, that, while they did not pretend to know the designs of Jehovah, they thought it quite clear that He never authorized the rich to take possession of territory at the expense of the poor. The remaining four families (Eliza Ross, Chief John Ross, Susannah Nave, and Lewis Ross) came with the last detachment led by John Drew. [1], Privately educated, he began his rise to prominence in 1812. The work of plunder and ruin soon laid it in ruins, and the country desolate. He also was invaluable to other tribes helping the. When Chief John Ross was born on 3 October 1790, in Turkey Town, Cherokee, Alabama, United States, his father, Daniel Tanelli Ross, was 30 and his mother, Mary Mollie McDonald, was 19. Born in the Cherokee Nation East; son of Chief John Ross & Quatie Brown; he served in Co., E, 3rd Indian Home Guards (US, Civil War). the other day on the charge of "shoving" counterfeit money. Chief John ross married middleton and had 1 child. In a few months Mr. Meigs died, and Lewis Ross became partner in his place. John Ross Family Tree You Should Check It, Family Tree Domestic Violence With Complete Detail, George Clinton Family Tree You Should Check It. He died in the Tahlequah Dist., CN, Indian Territory (became Oklahoma in 1907). Enter a grandparent's name. This forced removal came to be known as the "Trail of Tears". On horseback and without a companion, he commenced his long and solitary journey. Ross protested against a powerless attempt of the kind; and they were reluctantly granted authority to remove those who refused to go, burning cabins and corn. He married Elizabeth "Quatie" Brown, also Cherokee in 1813. John Ross family tree. After 1814, Ross's political career, as a Cherokee legislator and diplomat, progressed with the support of individuals such as Principal Chief Pathkiller, Associate Chief Charles R. Hicks, and Casey Holmes, an elder statesman of the Cherokee Nation. At midnight they resumed the flight of terror, crossing Grand River, where they would have been cut off, had the enemy known their condition. "The Papers of Chief John Ross", Vol. At Fort Pickering, near Memphis, he learned that the Cherokees he was seeking had removed from St. Francis River to the Dardenell, on the Arkansas, which then contained no more than 900 whites, and he directed his course thither. ), Emily "Emma" who married Osceola Powell Daniel (both buried at this cem. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. The Chief still holds his position of authority, and his good name will remain under no permanent eclipse; while all true hearts will long for deliverance to his nation, and that he may live to see the day. In January 1824, Ross traveled to Washington to defend the Cherokees' possession of their land. Others urged the necessity of having interpreters and persons among them acquainted with the improvements of their civilized neighbors. Chief of Cherokee Nation, John Ross served in this capacity for 38 years, until his death. Chief John Ross from tree Krashel's family Tree 353 People 3 Records 10 Sources Chief John (1/8 Cherokee) (both War of 1812 & Civil War) Ross found in Chief John (1/8 Cherokee) (both War of 1812 & Civil War) Ross from tree Noble Family Tree 22149 People 27 Records 47 Sources Chief John Ross found in It was customary with the tribe to colonize a company pushing out into the wilderness often many miles, and opening a new centre of traffic. After Jane's first husband Return J. Meigs IV died, she married Andrew Ross Nave (1822-1863). Login to find your connection. . As the last bitter cup of affliction pressed to his lips amid domestic bereavement which removed from his side his excellent companion, enemies have sought to deprive him of his office, and stain his fair fame with the charge of deception and disloyalty. He wrote in reply, that he had no troops to spare; and said that the Cherokee Light-Horse companies should do the work. Updates? Chief John Ross of . If you would like to view one of these trees in its entirety, you can contact the owner of the tree to request permission to see the tree. ), William Wallace (buried at Tahlequah Cem., Tahlequah, Cherokee Co., OK, Elizabeth (buried at this cem.) Search for yourself and well build your family tree together, Scottish: habitational name from one or other of a number of Scottish and English places called Ross or Roos(e) especially Roose (Lancashire) and Roos (East Yorkshire). Thus the dispute was made moot when federal legislation in the form of the Indian Removal Act exercised the federal government's legal power to handle the whole affair. In anticipation of the war with Great Britain, in 1812, the Government determined to send presents to the Cherokees who had colonized west of the Mississippi, and Col. Meigs, the Indian Agent, employed Riley, the United States Interpreter, to take charge of them. Those Cherokees who did not emigrate to the Indian Territory by 1838 were forced to do so by General Winfield Scott. Inquiring the cause, she learned it was the fear of a repetition of the previous days experience. He fought with Gideon Morgan's regiment in the Creek War [2] and was a signer of the treaties of 1816 and 1819. They were the parents of at least 11 sons and 1 daughter. In June 1830, at the urging of Senator Webster and Senator Frelinghuysen, the Cherokee delegation selected William Wirt, US Attorney General in the Monroe and Adams administrations, to defend Cherokee rights before the U.S. Supreme Court.