[126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. Examples of Fascism. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. [1] Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Venezuela has a presidential government. #SOSCuba. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Monarchies: 3. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Explore a few of the famous ones. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. There's no room for opposition or . The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. One person holds all of the country's power. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Political participation: 2.22. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. Abstract. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. Latin America's new generation of dictators. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. Source by babeltravel. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Duterte is the perfect example of a . Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. The legislature must be popularly elected. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. Syria - Well, it depends. Chad. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. 5. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. Military dictatorship: 2. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process.